Uniting the People and Government

By the end of World War II, the nations of Western Europe all faced the burdens of the post-war economies. If not totally destroyed, a nation was in chaos and needed dramatic reconstruction. This is where democratic societies stepped in; recreation of sturdy government was crucial to the revival of Western European countries. Within just a few years after the defeat of Italy and Germany, the European hemisphere bounced back into a stronger, more efficient society than ever before. Some call this the â€Å"Golden Age of the European economy. † As human life became more and more complex and difficult to manage, the government had to accommodate to the citizen†s needs and wants. Because of the basic importance of the contemporary social structure, its management had a crucial importance in making the countries work. Europe was used to strict authority over its people and complexity in the way they handles a countries affairs was not accepted. â€Å"Europe was a very special situation though, because it has a long record of traditional social control imposed over the individual by collective authorities, especially the state, and hierarchal religious institutions. Another problem that was going on in modern Western Europe† (pg. 21, Crozier) the military grew in size a great deal, West European armed forces grew from forty-two thousand to almost eighty thousand within five years after the Second World War. Especially in the country of France. With the militant group emerging larger than ever, the government was working! with more citizens first hand, by supporting the working military group. One of the main pieces to making a modern democracy work was inducing the people to want to partake in the government and have them strive to get involved with the mending of the societal crisis. All post war European countries had to live through the same costly situation of having to restore their country†s trade, government, social harmony, be at peace with the government, and relinquish all other aspects of damages caused by the intolerances that came along with traditional thinking. In the United States, the country was working by the people, for the people, in all efforts to be a united, strong country. Automatic freedoms of speech, press, and religion, gave the people the reassurance that things were being done to assist them in everyday life. Sixty five million dollars alone went into healthcare, unemployment, social services, community programs, and better education for children, and progra! ms for the working class. Also, anyone who was educated had a chance to run for various forms of government positions, which meant the citizens could first hand, come out and take part in the government. Some positions include senators, mayors, councilmen, governors, seats in congress and House of Representatives. Where else but America could you find opportunities such as these? Divisions once created by war and intolerance led to the modern developing of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). This was a form of military unity, which was important to Western Europe after 1945. It helped heal wounds with competing countries in the trade world, and have peace between once warring countries. Many other European peace treaties were signed during the 60†³s and 70†³s. These primarily helped the democratic people altogether because peace smoothed over tense conditions for European citizens. These treaties include the European Coal and Steel Community and the EEC or common! market. In the 1980†³s, a treaty on the European Union, integrated even more countries for a peaceful trade system. After signed in the small country of the Netherlands, an attempt to create a true economic and monetary union of all EC (EEC) members. One of the most interesting facts, coming into play in ever most recent times, is that a goal of the EC was to introduce an absolute worldwide common currency that could be found almost everywhere, called the â€Å"Euro†, dated to be out 2002. Even now in present days, the Euro dollar is heard of as an idea that some forms of government want to pursue. The fact is, democracy does not work without the people playing a crucial role in government. If your government is constantly telling you exactly how to live your life, what you must believe in, cheating you out your dollar, and totally undermining the working class, you are going to see no progress in that society. Basically, with Western Europe having the least amount of acceptance of variety and having little tolerance for true societal freedom, a great democracy cannot exist. This is why the United States has grown to be the most powerful and well off country of all times. The creators of our ever-evolving democracy here in America just goes to show, that caring about the people who make up our â€Å"democracy† gives them the strength and will to work together to make anything work and to truly peruse happiness. Thank God for America!

Do You Agree with the View That, by 1882, the Concept of the ‘Angel in the House’ Had Been Overturned?

Edexcel P 29 B Type Essay 4(b) study the sources F, G and H and use your own knowledge. Do you agree with the view that, by 1882, the concept of the ‘angel in the house’ had been overturned? The angel in house concept was very popular in the 19th century and it was a custom that many wives conformed to. The ‘angel in the house’ was described by Coventry Patmore’s poem towards his wife and how he fulfilled his needs by being altruistic.Men and women also had ‘separate spheres’ which was the ideology that men should conformed to public affairs and women should conform to private affairs within the home. However, by 1882, ideology changed and more women decided that they did not only want to conform to private affairs but they should be able to be public and voice their ideas, the concept had been changed slightly, however not completely overturned as many women still conformed to the ‘angel in the house’ concept.Source F was wr itten by Caroline Norton and published in 1854. It implies that the concept had not been overturned, as she is referring to the power that her husband still contained with the custody of their children. This shows that Caroline was rebelling against the norms that a wife should have towards her husband. In Caroline’s accounts of her years married to her husband she describes that he was physically violent towards her and on many occasions family members had to get involved.Caroline speaking out towards her husband in court showed merely that she was courageous enough to rebel against the ‘angel in the house’ concept. Source G supports Caroline in a way that one of the images shows a husband being physically abusing his wife. This adds supports to Caroline as it portrays in the image the language in which Caroline uses to describe her feelings towards her husband which are negative and shocking as many women would not dare to talk about their husband in that way.S ource G challenges the concept because in 1864 there was the First Contagious Disease Act which was an act which was the need to reduce venereal diseases. This was strongly campaigned by Josephine Butler, one of the first emerging feminists. The cartoon claims ‘Is Marriage a Failure – As a rule –Yes! ’ which is ironic because it is claiming that marriage, the ballpoint of keeping society was failing, however, the concept of ‘the angel in the house’ was still being fought to stay within the household and the stronghold of keeping all women conformed to the ‘separate spheres’.Source H is from Melanie Phillips, whose perspective on the ‘angel in the house’ is viewed nostalgically. In her analysis she is able to show the ‘paradox behind the double standard’ which was shown thoroughly through the Divorce Reform, it is challenging the idea that women cannot be in the house and speaking out, voicing their ideas publically. Nevertheless, it portrays that woman are still able to be in the house and also participate publically.In conclusion, it can be argued that the ‘angel in the house’ was not overturned however women still wanted to voice their opinions and stand up for inequality even if it was in marriage which was seen as unacceptable but stay in the household supporting their family. Nevertheless the concept had been slightly changed with feminists such as Caroline Norton and Josephine Butler’s campaigns supporting women’s rights, which a century ago would seen as an abomination making a female speak out without the permission from her husband. The ‘angel in the house’ concept had been slightly changed in 1882 however not completely overturned.

Leadership in Today's Education System in America Essay

Leadership in Today's Education System in America - Essay Example The university is reviewing the other models to see if they better portray the leadership in military. 1 In USA the knowledgeable and effective school leaders are extremely important. This is to determine the technology use and to understand of learning of the students. These two issues need the leadership qualities in principals and teachers. The administrators used to feel uncomfortable about the leadership qualities, but the removal of uncertainty implemented effective technology and leadership qualities. This is by developing own knowledge about technology, discipline, management, learning and understanding. Technology has been a significant factor in the above factors. 2 According to Heifetz the leadership is a change or adaptive process. This is for addressing the conflicts in the values people hold. This can diminish the gap between the different values of the people. This makes them stand for the facts they have to face. In the past the views of the leadership involved managerial or operational functions. Now the discipline, learning and understanding has to be involved in them to make teachers, principals and educational leaders to guide the student community towards the changing times without or with minimum conflict. This is due to the fact that the American education cannot continue as usual with the systems from 70's. The previous system produced managers but not leaders who can take care of curriculum, instruction and assessment. When the education is concentrating only on management and not on learning and understanding, the principals, teachers and educational personalities cannot be good leaders to resolve the conflicts in the education system. After 1980 the data driven decision making came to the fore. The test results and school design were the chief topics and professional development workshops evolved. The system sought the school leaders to be instructional. This focused on staff, students and parents to concentrate on student learning that is emphasized by effective teaching. School leaders were exhorted to become instructional leaders and focus the staff, students, and parents on student learning by emphasizing effective teaching and learning strategies, use of data for decision making, parental involvement in schools, and more. In the present situation the administrators in educational institutions are managing operations of the institutions focusing on student learning, standards, high stakes accountability and performance assessments. These include the restructuring efforts. This resulted in the excessive work loads for the administrators, teachers and students as it resulted in shifting from operational to instructional leadership. The following is the quote of Lasway and Mazzarella and Grundy in 1995. "At a minimum, we can be sure they [school districts] want someone who can carry out a long list of specific duties. The new principal will be expected to arrange class schedules, resolve discipline problems, administer a labor contract, evaluate teachers, and apply the oil of public relations to points of friction with the community. And that's just in the morning." This is a follow up of the emphasis laid on standards based school leadership in 1990s. Though the focus on the standards is convincing, there is a current need for renewal of focus on

Managing in the service environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing in the service environment - Essay Example Nowadays exporting of services is an expanding business. India is currently recognized as the largest services exporter in the world. Services sector comprises 70% proportion of the total output in the world but only 20percentage proportion of the same is incorporated in world’s international trade. Thus exporting of services is an under developed industry. India’s experience reveals that development of economies is not necessarily lead by the industrialization. Services sector driven economic development is also possible. India moved from being an agriculture based economy to services based economy without involving industrialization (The Nation). Therefore identifying the issues relating the companies in the services sector has become rather important to the development of countries. It has been revealed that the service quality in British banks is substantially low. Customers are increasingly dissatisfied by the banking experiences in England (Johnston, 1997). Such i ssues and increasingly identifying economic significance has called for challenging research studies relating the service quality. 1. Introduction of Customer Service Customer service plays an important role in building the brand loyalty. â€Å"Loyal and an involved customer† is an asset to a company. Developing such a customer base is recognized as the aim of â€Å"customer service† by most of the modern day businesses. ... Part of the contemporary businesses’ everyday mission is to cultivate consumer relationships by strengthening emotional connection with the customer. Listening to customers through rigorous consumer research and strong consumer orientation by keeping the products relevant and appealing are important elements in customer service. 2. Introduction of Service Quality Service quality is defined as "the extent of discrepancy between customers' expectations or desires and their perception of what is delivered" (Zeithaml et. al., 1990). According to the SERVQUAL approach the spheres of service quality can be described in terms of (1) Tangibles: â€Å"Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel and communication materials"(2) Reliability: "Ability of the organization to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. (3) Responsiveness: "Willingness of organization’s staff to help customers and provide them with prompt service"(4) Assurance: "Knowledge, comp etence and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence in the customer towards the service firm" and (5) Empathy: "Caring, individualized attention the firm provided its customers" (Manjunatha and Shivalingaiah, 2004). Thus it can be seen that customers’ expectations from a services based company includes attributes of physical environment as well as the human resources. Physical capital of the company has to be appealing and convenient to the consumer. Contemporary businesses use this concept as a marketing strategy and invest substantial amounts of resources to build the physical environment of their companies. Example: modern stores are carefully designed to reflect the image of the company brand. The showcases and environment of these stores are specifically

For and Against Criminal Justice Management Essay

For and Against Criminal Justice Management - Essay Example For and Against Criminal Justice Management In any species, whether among humans or lesser developed genus like mammals, reptiles, birds, and even insects, communication is seen as an essential component for survival and growth. The subject of the group discussion is criminal justice management (overview). â€Å"In its broadest terms, criminal justice management is defined as the management, supervision, and overseeing of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system covers a broad range of areas of justice. It includes police departments, federal agencies, state agencies, the courts, and correctional facilities† (Strayer University 2011) The successful discussion will be referred to as Discussion A, and the unsuccessful one as Discussion B. The writer of this paper was the leader in Discussion A while remaining a participant in the other one. Welcome and thank you for agreeing to participate in this discussion. You are all aware (in different ways) about increasing crime rates in the country. But instead of just punishing the criminals, it is felt that a management system be effectively implemented so that criminals have a chance to get back into the mainstream society and also to prevent individuals with criminal intent (for whatever reasons) not to indulge in such activities. Before moving on to the actual discussion, let me just outline the roles to be played by each member. The three golden rules are listen to the speaker without any bias, not to whisper or talk to the person sitting next to you (for example, conspiring), and when required speak out your mind sincerely and boldly (Bulatao, 1999, 4). There are other do’s and don’ts that need to be followed (Ganguly, 2002). and I shall be strict with these guidelines. Intervention will be necessary if the discussion turns hostile or goes outside the topic. Do not go on repeating what you have once already said and please be sure that you have some facts and figures to back up your points. Participation and reciprocation and important and last but not least, be polite enough to thank the listeners at the beginning and end of your opinions. Being loud and aggressive will not be tolerated, and do not interrupt a person while he is speaking. Irrelevant questions, being depreciative, and exhibiting of emotional outbursts is not a accepted norm in group discussions. If you find another speaker putting across views in a better way, do not get nervous- either accept them or put across lucid and valid arguments as the case may be. I apologize for this long introduction, but hope I have made my points clear? The group as a whole – Yes Leader- Shall we then begin, ladies and gentlemen? Who shall speak first, how about you Ms D? Ms D – Okay. I feel that there are not enough policemen to control crime, especially by immigrants and b lacks in the country. Mr B – I object to that comment. Do you have any figures or even reasons for such a statement? Mr A – No. I am just stating from the information from the media. (The group members begin to talk themselves regarding this matter) Leader – Ladies and gentlemen, please, we are moving away from the core issue of the discussion. You have already forgotten what I

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II - Essay Example This means that the buttons are stitched onto the right half and the buttonholes are on the left. There could be two or three buttons, which factor has an interesting role to play as I shall show later. Purely as a matter of interest, the item of male clothing that has the maximum number of manufacturing operations done on it is the coat, twenty-seven separate operations (www.stitchworld.net). The best way to put on a coat is to have an assistant standing behind you holding the coat at the level of your neck. He clasps both shoulders of the coat, one in each hand. Using his right hand, he opens up the front half of the right side, so that the armhole is clearly visible and positioned slightly below your right hand. After you slide your right arm fully into the right sleeve, he opens up the left half with the buttonhole slightly above your left arm, so that you have to reach upwards to slide your left arm into the sleeve. I will stop here, as all subsequent actions are the same as those carried out by you without an assistant. When you have to put on your coat by yourself, the best method is to start by laying the coat on its back on a bed. With your left hand, hold the collar facing you (the right collar when worn) between your thumb and the other four fingers and slide your right arm into the sleeve, gathering the coat as you stand up. Bring your bunched left fist up to touch your right cheek, fold your right arm so that you can use the fingers on your right hand to replace the left. Now move your fist backwards towards the center of your neck. This will help you to locate the left armhole with your free left hand. Slide your left arm in. The most widely used method is when you have just a coat and nothing else. Again, with your left hand, hold the collar facing you between your thumb and the other four fingers, but at the spot directly above the center of the armhole. The armhole should be visible to you at a

SAM 400 UNIT 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 400 UNIT 10 - Essay Example effectiveness, the power of vision, the leadership equation, empowering people, developing others, leadership principles, importance of ethics and finally understanding people (Marry, pp. 1). In my opinion, the areas of leadership that stand out or rather are most important include the leadership equation, the power of vision, leadership principles and performance management. The leadership equation is in line with the leadership style (s) employed by the coach (Manning and Curtis, pp. 16). The effectiveness of a leadership style is evident by the level of a team’s success thus proper styles of leadership ought to be considered. The power of vision is known to predict the future (Manning and Curtis, pp. 56). This area works to outline a general direction towards success. The principles of leadership are important in the sense that they provide a comprehensive framework under which the operations of a particular team are based (Manning and Curtis, pp. 148). Adherence to leadership principles ensures that discipline and order is maintained in a team. Principles ensure that a good ethical environment is maintained. Finally, performance management is very important since the success of a team is based on its performance (Manning and Curtis, pp. 302). It is therefore necessary to evaluate how a team is performing. Good performance should always be upheld. It is the dream of every team to maintain a good record of performance. Poor performance forces the team to reflect on its mistakes with a view to record improved results next time. This reveals how important it is to manage the performance of a

Writting- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writting- - Essay Example I was to sit and work from this part of the office. The organization where I started my internship deals in health care. They run about twelve health care homes where patients are admitted. Moreover, they also deal in providing medical equipment, like wheel chairs, and other medical supplies, including insulin and other medication to vendors, who, in turn, provide these to patients. My work involves conducting patient satisfaction surveys over the phone. I have to make calls to the patients and ask them various questions regarding their satisfaction; this includes asking them if the delivery of the medical equipment was timely and in working order. After each survey, I have to submit the findings to my supervisor who analyzes them and then puts the information into the database. I also have to arrange and organize the files of the patients who apply to the home health aid organization. This includes the files of the patients who get accepted to the homes as well as those whose applications are rejected by the organization. I have to arrange and sort through these files and ensure that the filing remains up to date. It is interesting work as not only do I work with filing, but I also interact with patients. This helps me to stay in touch with the people who are involved in the organization – I stay in contact with my colleagues as well as the patients who come to the organization. I feel more fulfilled at my work place because I believe that my job helps to improve the organization that has employed me; I am involved in gathering feedback from the patients with regard to the organization, and then handing it to my supervisor who makes sure that the information is noted down for any action that may be required. My internship, therefore, gives me a sense of accomplishment, and I am glad to be given this

Sociology of Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sociology of Childhood - Essay Example Browne (2011) defines the term â€Å"life chances† as an individual’s chances of getting access to all those things which are considered as desirable by the society and not being affected by all those things which are considered undesirable by the society. Similarly, in the opinion of Ferrante (2012), social class can be identified as the phenomenon in which an individual’s belonging to a section of society can influence their life chances. Thus, one has to infer that the term â€Å"life chances† indicates having access to at least good education, healthcare facilities, food, clothing and housing. An important point of Marx’s theory of social class is that the bourgeoisies, or the people who own the means of production, enjoy better social standing as they are powerful enough to impose their ideas on the proletariat (the working class). As the bourgeoisie class does not share the wealth justifiably, the difference in wealth between the working class and the bourgeoisie increases. Hence, the working class is deprived of the goods and services enjoyed by the bourgeoisie (Browne 2011). Similarly, Weber categorises the society into two groups; the negatively privileged property class and the positively privileged property class. The positively privileged class is blessed with marketable abilities, and hence is able to enjoy expensive consumer goods and better services. On the other hand, the other class has no marketable abilities, and hence, is deprived of good goods and services (Ferrante 2012). It is pointed out by a UK Government report that measuring child poverty is a difficult task because their life chances are influenced by a number of factors other than just income of the family. Some such dimensions to be included are material deprivation, worklessness, unmanageable debt, poor housing, parental skill level, access to quality education, family stability, and parental health (Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 2012) The Child

Crew Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Crew Resource Management - Essay Example This is done for the purpose of problem solving and for efficient decision making. In the same context, the interpersonal skills refer to the behaviours, communication skills and activities which occasionally or frequently relate to the technical attributes. Moreover, these are limited to the multi crew equipment or aircraft, when spoken in terms of aviation. They are also in relation with the single operator aircraft and equipments as they have to communicate with other crafts invariably so that the ultimate mission is accomplished (O'Connor, 2008). The recruitment and training under crew resource management has been developed and introduced by the organizations involved in aviation business. These include military aviation and major airlines. Hence, the crew resource management recruitment and training and has been made mandatory all over the world. It is mandated for commercial pilots and military pilots as well. Discussion The importance of crew resource management is mentioned i n many researches and has been attributed for preventing numerous events in the past. This system is well designed and properly monitored throughout organizations. The health care system owes a great deal to the crew resource management as numerous flights require paramedical staff for coping with medical mishaps (Morey, 2003). History of crew resource management The cabin and flight crew in the present world are significantly different from the ones that existed in the commercial aviation business years back. In those days the captain of an airplane was always considered the right one and his decisions were never questioned. Other pilots on the aircraft never doubted the decision making abilities of the... The main focus of this paper was to learn and document the different aspects of crew resource management. The assignment also focuses on discussing the different crucial elements of this system and its implementation health care system. Special attention has been given to the implications of this system in paramedical practice in aviation system. The elements of communication, assertion, teamwork, leadership and decision making are not only important in the prevention of human errors in the cockpit but also in the reduction of medical conditions. These medical conditions can be life-threatening. Hence, the role of a paramedical practitioner is very important in the aviation system. The in-depth understanding of crew resource management and its implementation in regular practice is important for all the health care workers. This report makes a conclusion that communication plays an important role in the encouragement of multiculturalism, authority and teamwork. It enhances the main objectives of crew resource management such as self awareness, situational awareness, assertiveness, leadership skills, innovation, flexibility, assertiveness, decision making, event management, adaptability and mission analysis. Communication is also involved in the analysis of the disagreements between situations and events. The communication strategy can be implemented by teaching team members how to listen to each other, talk to each other, acknowledge feelings and be assertive. The administration has to take part in this regard

Sandwich Blitz Essay Example for Free

Sandwich Blitz Essay Dalman and Lei are dealing with a problem regarding their technologic advancements. Dalman and Lei are dealing with pressure to adopt this new technology and implement it in a very short amount of time. With an increase in customers leaving unhappy with the service they received. Their employees are unable to properly fulfill all of the orders coming in which, in turn is reflecting negatively on the Sandwich Blitz. The errors that are being made will eventually roughen their reputation, along with the possibility of having to shut down the business. Customers have become to expect certain customer quality product and an overall good customer experience. This is what the Sandwich Blitz based their business motto on, without it customers will no longer choose to visit the Sandwich Blitz. The other situation of concern is the amount of support that Dalman and Lei need from the managers. In any business communication plays a hug past in the success of the business, but with the success of the new e-customer order system. Without effective communication between lower and upper management, customer service workers, and the technology team the new e-customer order system will not work and the Sandwich Blitz could very well fail. The following is the E-mail that Dalman and Lei should send to the managers regarding the urgency and to prepare them for the technology advancement: Management Team, Here at the Sandwich Blitz, Inc. we are dealing with a number of problems at our locations. We have taken a look at the feedback, and a lot of it is negative receiving. We are fully aware of the huge amount of orders being placed and it is affecting every ones work environment. Since we live in the technology age, and have not even begun to invest into the resources that this era has to offer. We have decided that it is time to take the plunge into the technology era. After significant amount of consideration, we have decided to implement into all sandwich blitz location a new e-customer order input system. With this new technology we will then have better customer satisfaction, bring efficiency to our team and will also relieve a great deal of stress that is currently present in our locations.

Philosophy Meaning Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Meaning Essay PHILOSOPHY greek meaning â€Å"love of wisdom†, encompassed the love of all wisdom, but only in recent centuries came to refer to a special branch of enquiry, separate from other sciences, such as â€Å"natural philosophy†. * is universally defined as â€Å"the study of the wisdom or knowledge about the general problems, facts, and situations connected with human existence, values, reasons, and general reality. † It seeks reasons, answers, and general explanations to life and its factors. Thus, if we talk about philosophy, we talk about a school of thoughts. â€Å"philosophers† which makes a profession of studying things in their separation from human life and practice. The main branches of Philosophy are Logic, Epistemology, Metaphysics and Ethics. Western philosophy is referred to as the school of thought from Greek philosophy that influenced the greater part of Western civilization. * takes its roots from Rome and Christianity, specifically Judeo-Christianity. * Latin * Rational, Scientific, Logical schools. Western civilization is more individualistic, trying to find the meaning of life here and now with self at the center as it is already given and part of the divine. Eastern philosophy is based mainly in Asia, more specifically the Chinese philosophy. * Confucianism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Taoism. Chinese. Hinduism, Integral Yoga, Islam, Zen * Relationship with religion; Integration Search for absolute truth: * Systemic approach – all events in the universe are interconnected * Searching inside yourself – by becoming a part of the universe through meditation and right living. Eastern philosophy is drawn much more into groups or society or people’s actions and thoughts as one in order to find meaning in life as they try to get rid of the false â€Å"me† concept and find meaning in discovering the true â€Å"me† in relation to everything around them, or as part of a bigger scheme. Summary: * Western philosophy is mainly used in the Western parts of the world, such as in the European countries, while the Eastern philosophy is prevalent in Asian countries. * Both philosophies center on virtues. * West’s Individualism ( and the East’s Collectivism (A human being is an integral part of the universe and the society. People are fundamentally connected. Duty towards all others is a very important matter. Collectivism is stronger. ) * Eastern philosophy takes more of a spiritual approach while Western philosophy is more hands-on. The Ionian Philosophers * comes from Aristotle; first source to attempt systematic exposition of their doctrines. Thales * Prediction of the eclipse, and other astronomical activities. * Prediction of solstices * Mathematical discoveries (geometry ) * Cosmology * Natural phenomena including the heavens could be discussed as processes governed by natural laws. * Believed that the Earth was a large (? at) disk ? oating on an in? nite ocean of water, and that earthquakes resulted from disturbances in this ocean that shook and cracked the Earth. * concept of â€Å"unity underlying diversity† some fundamental principles tying together all the multitude of things we see on Earth * water was the fundamental element from which all things were derived. Anaximander * Zoogony and anthropogony * thought the Universe formed out of an in? nite chaos he called the â€Å"boundless† due to a â€Å"separating out† of opposites (such as hot and cold, wet and dry). * ? rst recorded attempt to model the Universe. (the Earth was a cylinder and that the Sun, Moon and stars were all located on concentric cylinders, or hoops, rotating about the Earth. ) Anaximenes * one ruling material principle is air; imperceptible. * Air was the fundamental material of all things. * ? rst attempt to explain the diversity of the world with qualitative differences in terms of quantitative differences. Babylonians and Egyptians were excellent at mathematics. Greeks began to move away from their mythical view of the world and started to seek explanations of natural phenomena; later called science. * All questioned the origin of the Universe, what was here in the beginning, and what things are made from. They all believed that material substance (rather than some spiritual or supernatural substance; thus the name materialists) made up the Universe. In other words, matter is the only substance, and reality is identical with the actually occurring states of energy and matter. * physicalism. to distance oneself from what seems a historically important but no longer scientifically relevant thesis of materialism.

Mutual Trust and Confidence (MTC) in an Employment Contract

Mutual Trust and Confidence (MTC) in an Employment Contract Sophie Canning   Mutual trust and confidence (MTC) is a central term in implied terms of an employment contract.[1] MTC is an implied term which dictates that the employer will not conduct himself in such a way as to destroy or seriously damage the relationship of confidence and trust between the employer and employee.[2] The common law development of MTC was influenced by legislation,[3] statutory procedure for unfair dismissal and also had an impact on the way judges view MTC. The foundations for the implied term of MTC were laid down by Addis v. Gramophone Co. Ltd[4] which set out that in wrongful dismissal cases, there was no compensation in common law action for 1) the manner of dismissal, 2) the injured feelings, or 3) losses sustained from post dismissal.[5] The notion of MTC was not established in this case, but this case later helped explore the implied term of MTC. Courtaulds Northern Textiles Ltd v Andrew[6] gave MTC a narrative formulation.[7] MTC also arose out unfair dismissal and constructive dismissal claims, where the claimant wished to establish constructive dismissal and had to show there had been a breach of contract.[8] However, this could not always been proved and therefore there was a shift and people started arguing the employers behaviour undermined the employment relationship.[9] The term of MTC was formally recognised in Malik v. BCCI,[10] where it was described it as a portmanteau obligation by Lord Nicholls[11] and also opened u p the opportunity to claim damages for undermining MTC.[12] Malik[13] ultimately contradicts the third limb in Addis[14] as it allowed compensation for stigma damage. The second limb from Addis[15] was also challenged in Gogay V Hertfordshire County[16] when a care worker was suspended following accusations of child abuse and, from this, suffered from a psychiatric illness. The care worker was awarded damages for the breach of MTC; going against Addis[17] which stated there was no remedy at common law for injured feelings. However, both Addis[18] and Malik[19] arose from claims during the course of employment. The question arises whether there can be a common law remedy for at the time of the dismissal. This is answered in Johnson v Unisys[20] where it was identified that in the common law of wrongful dismissal, there cannot be a remedy for a breach of MTC at the time of dismissal. This rule was fashioned into the Johnson Exclusion Zone which is where common law claims based on a breach of MTC were pre-empted by the statutory claim for unfair dismissal.[21] Some academics have showed contention towards the Johnson Exclusion Zone. Collins highlights that, in regard to unfair dismissal claims, the exclusion zone cannot be manoeuvred around, if the claim can be met by the statutory law of unfair dismissal or if the claim cannot be met by statutory law, the exclusion zone still applies.[22]It was also stated in Edwards v Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust[23] that the Johnson exclusion area h as been productive of anomalies and difficulties.[24] Furthermore, more recent cases such as Bournemouth University Higher Education Corp v Buckland [25] and Tullett Prebon Plc v BGC Brokers LP[26] have confirmed how fundamental MTC is, especially in the eyes of the court.[27]Buckland[28] demonstrated that apart from Johnson,[29] the statutory context of MTC cannot be invoked to dilute the impact of the common law regime.[30] Furthermore other cases have developed the law, in regard to constructive dismissal cases. Leeds Dental Team Ltd v Rose,[31] in consideration of Tullett,[32] required Tribunals to endeavour to find the employers intention; whether they had the intention to act in such a way as to destroy MTC with the intention to permit the employee to terminate the contract.[33] The values of public law have also had a role in the emergence of MTC. MTC aims to guard against an abuse of power by the employer and protects the employee from an imbalance of power and an undermining of the relationship, mirroring the public law principles of regulating the power of public bodies. Brodie highlights this, underpinning that the most notable impacts of the implied obligation has been the way in which it has restricted an employers discretionary powers public law also serves to regulate the powers and discretions of public bodies.[34] MTC also mirrors the values of public law as, as decided in Johnson,[35] the employers power to dismiss is unfettered by implied duty. The rationale for this, as highlighted by Barmes, is that judicial imposition of fetters on dismissal powers would unconstitutionally undermine the legislative prohibition on unfair dismissalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it would give a common law cause of action to claimants who had been excluded by Parliament from el igibility to bring a statutory claim.[36] Again, this stops an imbalance of power and an autocratic relationship between employer and employee. Natural justice also plays a role in MTC. Natural justice demands fairness and non-bias decisions and is a common law rule.[37] Natural justice fits in with MTC as there is an obligation of MTC that renders illegitimate decisions and behaviour adjudged to be unacceptable in the modern workplace,[38] trying to create a fair balance between the employers and employees. However the notion of natural justice within MTC is not entirely favoured. Neuberger stated that he does not consider it right to import the rules of natural justice, which are connected with judicial decisions and some administrative decisions, into the purely contractual relationship of employer and employee.[39] Although the notion of MTC is one which is instrumental to the employment contract, it does have limitations. Firstly, MTC is arguably too broad, it encompasses too many obligations. MTC was described as being an overarching obligation implied by law as an incident of the contract of employment.[40] However academics such as Cabrelli disagree with this statement and postulates that there is no evidence for the emergence of the implied duty of mutual trust and confidence as an umbrella principle.[41] Conversely, the broad nature of MTC could be considered a positive aspect. Irving maintains that MTC is a flexible and fundamental concept, is likely to retain its importance whilst evolving further with the changing nature of employment relationships.[42] The flexible of this term means it can change with and adhere to the needs of society. The Court of Appeal has sought to reduce the extensiveness of MTC.[43] In Johnson[44] injury arising dismissal was removed the overarching feature of MTC, although this did not extinguish its input when assessing damages.[45] Despite that this was removed from the extensive list of things MTC encompasses, the removal of this is also a limitation. The principal that came from this is called the Johnson exclusion zone and is a limitation as it does not allow employees to recover damages for injuries sustained from the way they were dismissed even if it ;rongful or unfair. Lord Nicholls identified three problems from this; 1) a duplication of proceedings, one for common law action and the other for statutory action, 2) the existence of a boundary line means that in some cases an ongoing course of conduct may have to be split, 3) boundary lines may cause strange results.[46] MTC, and the search for a boundary line in the Johnson exclusion zone, has also created tension between the common law and the statutory procedure. This was highlight in Eastwood,[47] where it was underpinned that the practical consequences of the boundary betwe en common law and statutory rights and remedies are unsatisfactory and merit urgent attention by the Government and the legislature.[48] There seems to be similar view from the judiciary concerning MTC. Lord Hoffman underpins that the statutory scheme of unfair dismissal does not allow parallel law development, as it would agonistic to Parliaments intention, and therefore further development of MTC would be impossible.[49] Brodie highlights that the view of the judiciary is that the appropriate mechanism for regulation is provided by the law of unfair dismissal; hence restricting the proper ambit of the term of mutual trust and confidence.[50] Brodie also underpins that not allowing statutory compensation limits to circumvent Parliaments intention has a wider public interest, and is not just about equitable remedies.[51] So on this; it seems that the courts view on MTC is that it should keep well within the ambit of Parliaments intentions, however in doing so, could prohibit the development of MTC. To conclude, it is therefore clear that the evolution of MTC has been influence by unfair dismissal legislation and Parliaments intention and has ties with Public Law values such as natural justice. The Johnson Exclusion Clause has brought with it a lot of limitations as well as the statutory procedures which limit the common law remedies and arguably MTC from further developing fully. Furthermore, the judges seem to be more concerned with providing a remedy in line with Parliaments intention rather than providing a common law remedy that is equitable which also could arguably be limiting the development of MTC fully and properly. Words 1479 Bibliography Primary Sources: Cases: Addis v. Gramophone Co. Ltd. [1909] A.C. 488 Bournemouth University Higher Education Corp v Buckland [2010] EWCA Civ 121; [2011] Q.B. 323 Courtaulds Northern Textiles Ltd v Andrew [1979] IRLR 84 Eastwood v Magnox Electric Plc [2004] UKHL 35 Edwards v Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust [2011] UKSC 58 Gogay V Hertfordshire County [2000] EWCA Civ 228; [2000] IRLR 703 Johnson v Unisys [2003] 1 AC 518 Leeds Dental Team Ltd v Rose [2014] I.C.R. 94 Malik v. BCCI [1997] I.R.L.R. 462 Mclory and Others v Post Office [1993] 1 All ER 457 Tullett Prebon Plc v BGC Brokers LP [2011] EWCA Civ 131; [2011] I.R.L.R. 420 Woods v WM Car Services [1981] ICR 666 Legislation: Employment Rights Act 1996 Secondary Sources: Books: Pitt, G, Pitts Employment Law (2016, 10th ed, Sweet Maxwell), Samuels, H and Webley, L, Public Law: Texts, Cases, and Materials (2015, OUP) 3rd Ed Journals: Barmes, L, Common Law Implied Terms And Behavioural Standards At Work [2007] ILJ 35 Barnard, C Cherries: one bite or two? [2006] CLJUK 27 Barnard, C and Merrett, L, Winners And Losers: Edwards and The Unfair Law Of Dismissal [2013] C.L.J 313 Brodie, D, Legal coherence and the employment revolution [2001] Law Quarterly Review 604 Brodie, D, Mutual Trust And Confidence: Catalysts, Constraints And Commonality [2008] ILJ 329 Brodie, D, Mutual Trust And Confidence: Further Clarification [2011] Employment Law Bulletin 2 Cabrelli, D, The Implied Duty of Mutual Trust and Confidence: An Emerging Overarching Principle? (2005, ILJ Vol 34) Collins, H, Compensation For Dismissal: In Search Of Principle [2012] ILJ 208 Irving, D, The role and development of mutual trust and confidence as an implied term of the contract of employment [2008] Coventry Law Journal 22 Julies Enterprise Limiteds (JEL) company handbook gave the company the right to change the contents of the handbook and introduce new policies, depending on the business. However, generally there cannot be a variation of terms unilaterally. Lord Justice Asquith stated on the matter of unilateral changes, that [a]n unaccepted repudiation is a thing writ in water[52] underpinning the need for a bilateral variation of terms. JELs right to change contents of the handbook and policies is analogous to Bateman v Asda[53]where Asda created an express term in the employees contracts that stated they reserved the right to change and amend their handbook unilaterally. Both the courts agreed that Asda could reserve the right to change the handbook unilaterally as long as the term is clear and it is not unreasonable manner so far as to breach the term of mutual trust and confidence. Therefore following this, JEL has the right to amend the handbook, however changing the handbook to incorporate ran dom full body searches could be seen as unreasonable and a breach of mutual trust and confidence. S95 of the Employment Rights Act 1996[54] (ERA) underpins the nature to which someone can be dismissed. An employee can be dismissed with or without notice if the contract has been terminated by the employer.[55] Commonly the dismissal is not effective until has been communicated by the employer and the employee had acknowledged it, as confirmed in Gisda Cyf v Barratt.[56]The verbal dismissal from Jeremy can be seen as being communicated and therefore it can be said that Lizzie acknowledged it. The dismissal must also be clear and explicit. If it is ambiguous the courts must enquire as to what the reasonable man would understand as a dismissal. In Futty v D and D Brekkes Ltd[57]the employer told the claimant if you do not like the job, you can fuck off and this was construed by the claimant as being equivocal to a dismissal. However, this was not construed as a dismissal but as a resignation as the complainant found another job. It also has to be established whether Lizzie can claim for unfair or wrongful dismissal. Wrongful dismissal is concerned with a dismissal in breach of contract. There are two conditions that need to be fulfilled to have a successful claim; 1) there was a termination of a contract without or with inadequate notice and 2) the employer was not justified in doing so.[58] On the other hand, unfair dismissal is concerned with a dismissal that is unfair and is statutory. Under the ERA it states that [a]n employee has the right not to be unfairly dismissed by his employer.[59] To claim for unfair dismissal, there must be a qualifying period of employment of at least one year, as her employment is prior to 6 April 2012.[60] As Jeremy had no good reason for dismissing Lizzie, or followed a disciplinary process, it can be seen as unfair.[61] There are aspects of Lizzies dismissal that were wrongful and unfair. Generally, the law on references is that there is no legal obligation to provide a reference; but if one is given it must be fair.[62] If Lizzie were to think the reference was unfair, she could claim for damages upon proving the unfair reference caused her to suffer a loss.[63] Jeremy stating not to bother asking for a reference was therefore neither unfair nor wrongful as Jeremy does not have to provide one. At common law, no damages can be awarded for matters that arise from it such as psychiatric injury. Lizzie has suffered panic attacks and depression since her dismissal. This is indicative of wrongful dismissal. However, the courts cannot award damages in regard to psychiatric injuries that arise as a result of the dismissal, as per Johnson v Unisys.[64]In this, the claimant had won a claim for unfair dismissal and tried to claim for wrongful dismissal, as the claimant had suffered a mental breakdown as a result of the way he was dismissed. However, the majority verdict was that there could be no claim as the judges could not justify developing a common law remedy to employees who suffered from psychiatric illnesses as a result of the way they were dismissed. Johnson[65]indicates that the judges are not prepared to extend the common law of wrongful dismissal in a way which would extend beyond that of unfair dismissal legislation.[66] However, as per Eastwood v Magnox Electric Plc[67] Lizzie could have claimed if the psychiatric injury arose before the dismissal; but this is not the case, so it is unlikely she could claim for psychiatric injury. Additionally, in Lizzies employment contract, it was an express term that she would receive 3 months notice. However Jeremy did not satisfy this and terminated her employment without notice. Under S86 ERA there is a statutory minimum notice period.[68] For each year of employment, there must be one week of notice; if the employment is continuous and more than two years but less than twelve.[69] Therefore, under this statutory minimum, Lizzie should be entitled to at least five weeks notice. However, Lizzies notice period was contractually 3 months and as she has not received this, there has been a breach of contract. Therefore it could be said that Lizzies dismissal was in fact wrongful as this is a breach of contract. Generally, there is no duty to give notice when the employee is in fundamental breach of contract. This is shown in Pepper v Webb[70] where the employees refusal to follow instructions and continued to be insolent was held to be a breach of implied duty and therefore t he dismissal was warranted, despite there being no notice. Lizzie should claim for unfair dismissal. There are three types of remedies, in regard to unfair dismissal: reinstatement, re-engagement and compensation. Reinstatement is governed under S114 ERA and means an employer has to treat the complainant as if he had not been dismissed;[71] effectively when the employee goes back to their job as if they had not been unfairly dismissed. However, it is unlikely she would want this. Moreover, re-engagement is governed under S115 ERA which states that the complainant will go back to the employer but to a different job.[72] Again, it is doubtful she would want this. Additionally, compensation is governed by sections 118 to 124 ERA. S119 underpins the basic award received; 1) Half weeks pay for every year of employment when the claimant is aged under 22, 2) Weeks pay for work between 22-40 and 3) Week and a half pay for every year over 41.[73] The Compensatory award is governed by S113 and conditions that the court must give an amount that is equi table[74] and includes losses of earnings and any future loss, subject to aggravating circumstances, such as if the complainant had contribute to their dismissal in any way.[75] Damages are subject to deductions; one of the most common deductions is the Polkey Deductions.[76] This deduction occurs when there has been an unfair dismissal as the employer has failed to follow the correct procedure.[77] If the claimant would have been dismissed anyway, the compensation would be reduced as to the likelihood as a percentage deduction.[78] If Lizzie claims for unfair dismissal, it would be unlikely she could claim for wrongful as well. However, if she wanted to claim for wrongful instead, as it is concerned with the breach of a contract, the purpose of the remedy would to put the claimant back in a position they would have been before the breach. Damages in regard to the inability to comply with the express notice period can only stretch as far as the money earnt in that period of employment if notice had been given. This is highlighted in Focsa Services (UK) Ltd v. Birkett[79]where Justice Clark stated that the fact [was] that Mr Birkett was dismissed. In so far as he did not receive his full notice, he is generally entitled to damages to reflect the pay during the notice period and no more.[80] Lizzie did not receive a notice, even though it was contractual that she should have one and therefore Lizzie could claim for pay she would receive in those three months if she received notice. When the courts are analysing th e amount to give in damages, the court also have to consider other relevant factors such as bonuses. Lizzie, as part of remuneration, received a discretionary bonus and received this bonus ordinarily every year, bar last year. Generally, there can be a claim for bonuses if they are contractual, however as Lizzies was discretionary there is no duty to give a bonus if not contractual. Moreover, the courts aim to return the employee to the original position before the dismissal. This is fortified in Lavarack v Woods of Colchester[81]where an employee had been wrongfully dismissed and did not receive a bonus after dismissal, despite being subject to sporadic discretionary bonuses, as the employers had cut bonuses and raised the wage. The Court of Appeal held that the employers only had to fulfil the contractual obligation as everything else, including bonuses and raised pay, was discretionary. Words: 1520 Total Words: 2999 Bibliography Primary Sources: Cases: Bateman v Asda [2010] IRLR 370 Eastwood v Magnox Electric Plc; McCabe v Cornwall County Council [2005] 1 AC 503 Focsa Services (UK) Ltd v. Birkett [1996] IRLR 325 Futty v D and D Brekkes Ltd [1974] IRLR 130 Gisda Cyf v Barratt [2010] UKSC 41; [2010] 4 All E.R. 851 Howard v Pickford Tool Co [1951] 1 KB 417, 421 (Asquith LJ) Johnson v Unisys [2001] UKHL 13; [2003] 1 A.C. 518 Lavarack v Woods of Colchester [1967] 1 QB 278 Pepper v Webb [1969] 1 W.L.R. 514 Legislation: Employment Rights Act 1996 Secondary Sources: Books: Gweneth Pitt, Pitts Employment Law (Sweet Maxwell, 2016) 10th ed Websites: ACAS, References: workers rights (gov.uk, 2016) accessed 20 December 2016 ACAS Understanding the Polkey deduction (ACAS, 2013) accessed 23 December 2016 Gov, Dismissal: Your Rights (gov.uk, 2016) accessed 16 January 2017 Gov, Dismissal: Your Rights (gov.uk, 2016) accessed 16 January 2017 Working Papers: Deakin, S, The Contract Of Employment: A Study In Legal Evolution (2001) ESRC Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge Working Paper No. 203, 33 accessed 19 December 2016 [1] David Cabrelli, The Implied Duty of Mutual Trust and Confidence: An Emerging Overarching Principle? [2005] Industrial Law Journal, Vol 34, 284 [2] Woods v WM Car Services [1981] ICR 666; Malik v. BCCI [1997] I.R.L.R. 462 [3] Employment Rights Act 1996 [4] Addis v. Gramophone Co. Ltd. [1909] A.C. 488 [5] Ibid (Loreburn L.C.); Malik v. BCCI [1997] I.R.L.R. 462 (Lord Nicholls) [6] [1979] IRLR 84 [7] Lizzie Barmes, Common Law Implied Terms And Behavioural Standards At Work [2007] ILJ 35 [8] Gweneth Pitt, Pitts Employment Law (2016, 10th ed, Sweet Maxwell), 1554 [9] ibid [10] Malik v. BCCI [1997] I.R.L.R. 462 [11] Catherine Barnard, Cherries: one bite or two? [2006] CLJUK 27 [12] Gweneth Pitt, Pitts Employment Law (2016, 10th ed, Sweet Maxwell) [13] Malik v. BCCI [1997] I.R.L.R. 462 [14] Addis v. Gramophone Co. Ltd. [1909] A.C. 488 [15] ibid [16] [2000] EWCA Civ 228; [2000] IRLR 703 [17] Addis v. Gramophone Co. Ltd. [1909] A.C. 488 [18] ibid [19] Malik v. BCCI [1997] I.R.L.R. 462 [20] Johnson v Unisys [2003] 1 AC 518 [21] Catherine Barnard and Louise Merrett, Winners And Losers: Edwards and The Unfair Law Of Dismissal [2013] C.L.J 313 [22] Hugh Collins, Compensation For Dismissal: In Search Of Principle [2012] ILJ 208

The Computer :: essays research papers

The Computer This report is about the impact that the personal computer has made during the past 10 years on the the community. It is a report that includes detailed information about the personal computer and the way it has worked its way into a lot of peoples everyday lives. It includes information about the Internet and how it has shaped peoples life from just a hobby and into an obsession. It includes detailed information about its history, especially the time in which it was first developed. There is information about future possibilities for the computer about who it could be the future and destroy the future. There is a description on how it is developed and an in-depth look at how it works. A personal computer is a machine that lets you do do just about everything you could think of. You can do some basic word-processing and spreadsheets as well as 'Surf the Internet'. You can play the latest computer games by yourself as well as against someone from across the other side of the world. It can store databases which could contain information that is kept by police for easier records or you could just use it for your own family history. The basic structure of a computer is a keyboard, a moniter, a and case which holds all the componets to make a computer run like a Hard drive, a Motherboard, and a Video card. There are many other additions you can make to this such as a Modem, a Joystick, and a Mouse. The personal computer was developed during the year 1945 by the Americans to help them decode enemy secret codes during the Second World War. At this time the computers were huge and only used by governments because they were as big as room. This was because the main thing they used were vacuum valves which made the computer enormous. They also never had anything to hold any memory so they couldn't actually be classed as a true computer. The introduction of a way to store a file was brought around in the year 1954. The computer did not have a big impact on the community until about the year 1985 Commodore released a gange of computers called the Commodore 64 and also another Commodore computer called the Vic 20 which was released in the year 1982. When Intel saw the Commodore 64's success it released its brand new 386 processor in the year 1985. Though the 386 was easily the better and faster processor the Commodore 64 seemed to be the computer getting all the attention

The Clinton Health Plan :: Research Term Papers Essays

The Clinton Health Plan The health care situation in the United States is in dire need of a change. The United States spends more money on health care per individual than any other nation in the world (14%of its GNP in 1991), and that amount is quickly rising. Virtually everyone, from doctors to politicians, recognize the unwieldy situation of health care in America, and realize that something must be done. In order to attempt to correct the failures of the current health care situation, one must understand the problems that led to the deterioration of the health care system. Perhaps the main problem with health care today is that there are 37 million Americans without insurance, and another 20 million are underinsured Another large problem with the way health care is presently organized is - as Clinton helpfully points out - waste. Some common examples are: Paperwork: There are thousands of insurance companies in the US, and each one has many forms for doctors and patients to fill out. So much so, that doctors spend more time improving their handwriting than healing people. Greed and Profiteering: Some drug companies make over 10,000% profit on the drugs they manufacture. In 1991, the median income of doctors was $139,000 for general practitioners and $512,000 for specialists. Unneeded Surgery and Tests: Possibly 15 to 35% of certain types of operations and tests are unneeded. Malpractice Suits and "Defensive" Medicine: Doctors pay high premiums on malpractice insurance which causes them to charge more. The reason that these premiums are so high is because currently there are practically no limits to an amount that can be sued for pain and damages. Defensive medicine - procedures done to protect doctors from being sued - is costing this country greatly. Recognizing that waste is one of the greatest causes of the high prices in health care, Clinton has introduced a plan to revise the health care system by eliminating waste, and making sure that every single American can be covered by a health plan. Clinton's plan is based on three premises. First, that there is enough waste in the current health care system to cover the costs of his new plan. Second, that his plan will create competition within the insurance industry. Last, that his plan can put a cap on insurance prices. The core of Clinton's plan is to set up regional health alliances,

marketing case Essays -- essays research papers

Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pfizer Inc. is a research-based diversified health care company with operations around the globe. Pfizer Inc. has three main business groups. They include the Consumer Health Care Group, U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, and the Pfizer Animal Health Products Segment. For purposes of this case, we will discuss the Animal Health Products Group, where in 1998, accounted for twelve percent of the company’s revenues. Industry Background: The process for making beef begins with the ranchers breeding and raising cattle, in order to sell them to feedlots. The ranchers’ goals are to minimize death of the cattle, to breed low birth weight calves, to produce grade A choice beef, and lastly to produce calves that gain weight quickly. By the time the feedlots purchase the cattle, the more the cattle weights, the better. The next step in the process after the feedlots purchase the cattle is for the feedlots to sell the beef to the meatpackers. There are four main meatpacker companies that account for eighty percent of the entire industry. The meatpackers act as a middleman between the producer and the consumer. Since the majority of this industry is controlled by a few companies, this creates a problem because they act similar to a monopoly. Due to this monopolistic view, there is no free-flow of information throughout the supply chain and beef prices tend to be higher than they should. After the meatpackers have packe d the beef, they sell it to retail stores, which in turn sell the meat to us, the consumer. Industry Trends: There are a variety of trends that directly influence the beef industry. To begin, changes in consumer lifestyles include less time for home-cooked meals and society’s increased pressure for time; thereby, having a big impact on the decline of consumption of beef. In addition, consumers have increased dietary considerations for health and nutritional issues that lead them to consume alternative meat products like pork and poultry. Furthermore, the marketing strategies of the pork and poultry industry have done a better job advertising than the beef industry. Also, the pork and poultry industry have recently produced more ready-to-eat and branded products. Even with all of this new increased pressure on the beef industry by the pork and poultry industries, retail prices for beef have still remained high, yet ano... ...less today than ever before, beef will always exist, therefore, Pfizer products will be needed. An added reason for them to continue with their cattle/calve health products is due to the fact that Pfizer has already invested heavily in this industry and makes over sixty health products for cattle. Additionally, we also recommend that Pfizer maintain their strong market share by continuing to sponsor seminars, publish educational material, offer technical support and organize management programs for the health care of cattle. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To conclude, the beef industry is currently experiencing a decline in demand, thereby directly affecting products sold to ranchers made by Pfizer’s Animal Health Group. This decline can be attributed to a variety of factors outside of Pfizer’s control, including social, economical and governmental issues regarding beef. Since Pfizer is limited in what they can do to increase beef sales, our proposal is for Pfizer to enter into making health products for poultry, given that this industry seems to be on the rise. However, at the same time, Pfizer should continue to be active in the beef industry to keep them at the top.

I Am Legend Film review

From its gripping start to its touching finish, this high-grossing blockbuster film is the film everybody has been eagerly waiting for. The third big-screen adaptation of Richard Matheson’s â€Å"I Am Legend† novel (1954) this box office hit is sure to have you gripping your seat the whole way through. Hollywood hunk Will Smith stars alongside an Alsatian called Abby, who steals every scene she’s in. This post apocalyptic film is surely one of a kind. After watching this, I am definitely going to read the original novel. PLOT New York City-2012. Robert Neville (Will Smith) gets up every morning. Does his exercises. Eats breakfast. Takes his dog, Samantha, out for walks, and to pick up supplies. Goes to work. Plays a little golf. At exactly noon, he sends out broadcasts on the radio. Sounds completely normal? Well†¦no. Once a normal man with a loving family, Robert Neville is (as far as he knows) the only living human being left on Earth. He and Samantha are entirely alone, and have been for three years. In 2009, a scientist called, ironically, Dr Krippen (Emma Thompson), announces that she has discovered the cure for cancer; which at the beginning was praised as a breakthrough in modern medicine. But it isn’t long before the virus has mutated into a deadly airborne form, killing millions of people. And those who the virus didn’t kill, it changed†¦ Neville, a military scientist, is part of the team working to find a vaccine, but as the pandemic spreads, the government orders Manhattan locked down, with only the uninfected allowed to evacuate. And now Neville lives alone with Sam, surrounded by strange creatures that devour or infect anyone or anything in their path. Sensitive to UV radiation, they dwell in darkness, only emerging at night to eat. And all the while, the infected lurk in the shadows, watching Neville’s every move, waiting for him to make a fatal mistake. Perhaps mankind’s last and best hope, Neville is driven by only one remaining mission; to find a way to reverse the effects of the virus by using his own immune blood. But his blood is also what the infected hunt, and Neville knows he is outnumbered and quickly running out of time†¦ CHARACTERS The title â€Å"I Am Legend† is very relevant; Will Smith’s acting was LEGENDARY! If you actually think about it, it’s not easy when you’re the only character most of the time. Throughout the film, he was pretty much interacting with a dog†¦and that was about it. We witness Robert trying his best to lead a normal existence, slowly losing his sanity, and yet trying to save the world; all at the same time. It is nice to know that his range of acting is not just limited to action films (although there is a fair bit of action in I Am Legend) but it’s in the quiet moments that Smith gracefully and effortlessly shines- his strained expressions and his persistent battle for his sanity. The close relationship with his dog is extremely touching. His performance was excellent and believable, so hats off to him. TECHNICAL ELEMENTS/ SOUND The opening scenes of â€Å"I Am Legend† have special effects so good that they just about compensate for some later special effects that are slightly clumsy. We see Manhattan three years after a deadly virus has killed every healthy human on the island, except one. The streets are overgrown with weeds, cars are abandoned and the infrastructure of clumsily quarantined buildings is beginning to collapse. The film does a good job of revealing the monsters bit by bit, but once displayed, their CGI-ness is hard to ignore. By the time they're in full-on assault mode, they resemble something like zombified versions of something out of a video game. This makes for exciting action sequences, but dials down the horror considerably. The song â€Å"3 little birds† by Bob Marley is used extensively and is also on the soundtrack in the film. The song has bittersweet undertones as Robert sings the song â€Å"Don't worry about a thing, ‘Cause every little thing gonna be all right† in an attempt comfort himself and his dog, to avoid intense loneliness, and also to remind him of his family (his daughter was called Marley; after Bob Marley). THEME/ CONCLUSION Cleverly set in the year 2012, the film just makes us feel even more paranoid. Like many of the best sci-fi films, I Am Legend says a lot about the times we are currently living in. One of the main themes of this film is that one day, we, humans ourselves, could be the cause of the wipe out of the entire human race if we keep on messing with nature and trying to play God. Smith clearly states so in the film, â€Å"God didn’t do this. We did!† But Smith is like a ray of hope and reminds us that there are good people left in the world. Using a quote from Bob Marley, he says that â€Å"the people that are trying to make the world worse never take a day off, so why should I? Light up the darkness.† In this case, Smith feels it’s his duty to save humans and â€Å"Light the darkness† (cure the Dark seekers). I Am Legend is available in Blu-Ray and DVD on Monday 21st April 2008. Bring home the 2 disc special edition of I am Legend and you’ll not only get the theatrical version, but also the complete alternate unseen version with a controversial ending. Definitely worth having on your shelf.

Is Scientific Progress Inevitable? Essay

I read the article Is Scientific turn up Inevitable? which was written by Andrew Irvine on 2006. It was published in the keep In the Agora The Public acquaint of Canadian Philosophy. The main idea of the article is scientific progress is not inevitable. At the premier part of the passage, the author used his protest his experience that he took his daughter to perceive a medicine wheel he used what he saw to allow us know these structures have been in that respect for thousands of years and human beings are fragile. Furthermore, he used some facts that quaint large number may use their unique ship canal to record summer solstice rather than nows high astronomical association. As he said scientific knowledge is not inevitable (para.12), there is no guarantee that scientific progress will keep increase, as long as we have the belief to hot better, the scientific progress is not essential or necessary.CritiqueThis article was written by Andrew Irvine who is a professor of U BC at plane section of philosophy (Irvine, 2012). The title of the passage makes readers to destine of scientific progress is not inevitable, however, without technology, we cannot break d let in this highly developed world. The book In the Agora The Public Face of Canadian Philosophy was edited by Andrew Irvine and John Russell it is a book which collects some(prenominal) Canadians philosophers article and enriches our world by their philosophic thought (University of Toronto Press Publishing, 2013). However, we are funding in a developing world, as long as we want to stretch out better, the scientific progress will remain non-inevitable.Electronic products for example, cellphones have been part of our live for few years, everybody has a cellphone to commune to each other conveniently. But old-fashioned people can only circulate each other with their voice or gesture, they cannot reach somebody who is far outside(a) from them. With the scientific results, we can use ele ctronic products to talk and see people thousands of miles absent from us. In the article, the author mentioned that some ancient culture may use their own way to figure out summer solstice like the sun dance (Irvine, 2006, pp338-339).

Dupont Analysis Essay

A satisfactory return on assets might be divided through a high profit margin , or a rapid turnover of assets, or a combination of both. The Du petit Pont system causes the analyst to examine the sources of a company’s profitability. Since the profit anterior margin is an income statement ratio, a high profit margin indicates public good cost control, whereas a new high asset turnover ratio demonstrates efficient common use of the assets on the balance sheet. Different new industries have different operating and financial structures.Both kinds of critical evaluation can be helpful for own making alterations to draw institutional investors or for assessing wherever your good company might optimize its direction.Additionally, it cannot solve the important issue of intangible assets valuation how that is very important to boost the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in a long term.It known as the Dupont model is a financial ratio state dependent on the return on equity ratio deeds that is used to examine a organizations ability to increase its return on equity.

Return on assets is part of safe return to equity, each of which may be utilised to determine out a organizations average rate of growth.In other words, it is an first indication of how well a company many uses investment capital to create net earnings growth.It is a company that is going many places in the community.Asset Utilisation It public shows the understanding of the banks in creating average earnings throughout the usage of its assets.

Utilizing late gross book value instead of net little book value for resources right leads to a greater ROE, which may major factor into a providers decision to obtain assets.Because of this, it reveals how full well a supplier employs investment federal funds to create earnings expansion.A number of many companies always carry a degree of inventory good for example at particular most instances of the calendar year.Increase and it old has has been attempting to expand their production.

Air Force community Essay

the States is a state of publication with divers(a) tribe groups that compensate to growing totally year. The aesculapian residential argona moldiness limit up with the ever-changing clock and align their preaching drills to role make the select of providing boilersuit timber salubriousness like. at that place ar more an(prenominal) facets in which heathen differences grapple into play and in special(a) during the affected role supplier relationship. It is offstanding for the aesculapian examination confederation and stave members to be prep atomic number 18d.In this paper, a watchword of the payoffs from the engagement authorize the tonicity and horti elaboration screen go out be consummate along with exploring and expanding on the answers that were in subdue. In argonas that were answered incorrectly, responses issue be proposed with situations that could meliorate the persevering vector sum in the incoming. (MSH, n. d. ). . The quality and nicety prove was interpreted twice, with an sign stumble of 14 and the here and now duration was a 16 out of a union of 23 questions. some(a)(prenominal) clock pickings this essay I felt up I leveld sink than expected. The quiz was taken twice because the initial sum up was so downcast. I was for certain I could bulls eye give the cooperate time, that the outlet was around the like onward breeding the correct answers. all the same though I prepare been a checkup exam ally and an emergency aesculapian exam technician for over 20 mean solar days it guaranteemed to non confuse in truth much of an push when winning this quiz. In the argument major power company and muchover more in the medical biotic community, kind is affected upon foster is non emphasized very much.In the clinic, we consume unhurried of rights and pamphlets lendable in Spanish however that is approximately it. I cut we withal befuddle an congr essman list for the group in wooing wholeness is essentialed. I place my low score to not creation assailable to many affected role ofs with versatile backgrounds and tillages and not having the learning that so classic in immediatelys society. As health care lapers in the military, I rely we are shelter to the extracurricular happenings because we do not see or experience round community events outdoors of the story in our frequent act upon environment. (MSH, n. d. ).The areas that I did rise up in were reason that at that place could be cross- ethnic murkiness when explaining diverse medical data and procedures by the forbearing, tolerants whitethorn not cut across becoming health knowledge because they usher outnot channelize well or the provider may construe the particular symptom, as a provider macrocosm cognisant of face-to-face biases and magnanimous the decorous sermon for the condition, look require and open-ended question s from the patient of, practice creating a nonjudgmental gloriole where the patient feels well-fixed to feat the medical advice of the provider, macrocosm informed that in that respect could be rudimentary passel when not adhering to aim medical administerment, and well-educated that utilizing designated interpreters during patient copses is apotheosis as compared to involving the family members because they kindle be oftenmultiplication times they are too emotionally mired to spot an faithful story. (MSH, n. d. ).The areas where I need good and further cognizance are the touch on of cultural ability on clinical outcomes, communication and take ining(a) with an interpreter, including the patients family during medical visits, be advised that some patients leave behind try ordinary meliorate measures beforehand big(p) in to westbound medication and universe cognizant of mannerisms from distinct culture groups. (MSH, n. d. ). Maintaining cultural competence in the confirmatory and interdict areas is a changeless work in progress. thither are changes both day that we as future health educators must work towards.It is a matter of continue to read, look and deem what we gift intentional to both patient encounter and to of all time treat the patient as a love virtuoso would require to be treated. It can moreover result in a irrefutable result for all involved. (MSH, n. d. & MSH, 2009) References Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (1995). wellness and culture beyond the western sandwich Paradigm. railyard Oaks perspicacious Publications, Inc. Retrieved on meet 15, 2010. caution Sciences for Health. (n. d. ). The providers incline to eccentric and Culture. Retrieved on inch 15, 2010 from http//erc. msh. org/mainpage. cfm? show=1. 0. htm& mental faculty=provider& row= side of meat&ggroup=&mgroup= attention Sciences for Health. (2009). Stronger health systems. great health impact. Retrieved prove 15, 2010 from http//www. ms h. org/.

Constitutional rights of prisoners Essay

They would accustom whippings and hangings, to universal degradation . manifold captive where unplowed in displace cells. virtuoso of the initial punitory institutes in the States was cognise as the walnut street jail. It was started in Philadelphia in the 1790. prison houses were meant to revenge volume who connected nuisances. It was estimation that by winning away ones exemption for committing abhorrences it would train them prize double some committing some separate umbrage when they were released. just by confine them of their up hono(prenominal) sufficient to drop by the slipwayidedom injure their natural repair?Should prison house house houseers involve rights part they atomic number 18 incarcerated? How do our prison dodges hold back from do authoritative that captives rights be non existence profaned? be the wardens and safeguards that associate our prison organizations doing exclusively they git to find forth that o ur captives ar macrocosm taken occupy of plot holding their witness par wholeelism in their insouciant functions? on that point ar legion(predicate) problems that atomic number 18 unpatterned in our prison musical arrangements like a shot that would limit a somebody happen that a captives rights be world rape for slip the checkup sermon of captives.Its a right for a somebody to taste health check weaken-and-take tho our cons argon non getting the intervention that they deserve pay adequate to(p) to the contract of doctors in our prisons and sometimes it out-of-pocket to the guards not absent to give them the word because they know they jadet real impoverishment it. A prisoner is accustomed a schoolwide aesculapian and psychogenic health exam inwardly fourteen days of go in our prison system they ar because examined periodic completelyy thereafter . Unless a prisoner has a alveolar mite they argon seen inwardly one year of their admittance into prison and annually thereafter.So as I was researching this I had to look at myself if they argon world ill- allot when it comes to the medical c argon that they stick and my serve surface is no. Prisons fathert conk out the rights of a prisoner to look for medical suspensor they are actually existence seen and treated more than about American are. Our prison system and jails project definite duties and codes that they must(prenominal) check to traverse the sanctuary of our prisoners. A punitory set should be near and great and should be stray in a true(p) and legal manner. immurement should spend a penny prisoners to feel observant lives upon release. penal political science should help oneself prisoners reintegration into free corporation by go acrossing get hold of conditions of undertaking and by continue preparation for such(prenominal) reintegration. A correctional initiation should represent holy order and should shelter prisoners from distress from separate prisoners and ply. Restrictions put on prisoners should be required and impairmentonious to the legitimate objectives for which those restrictions are impose.correctional governing should detect the gracious rights and high-handedness of prisoners. No prisoner should be subjected to cruel, inhuman, or corrupting word or conditions. For a convicted prisoner, expiry of improperness and legal separation from familiarity should be the touch on punishments imposed by irons. For a prisoner not share a reprobate for a crime, the social occasion of imprisonment should be to command appearing of the prisoner at mental test and to protect the public, not to punish. A correctional rapidness should be befittingly provideed. punitory officials should tool midland processes for continually assessing and amend individually correctional eagerness. A correctional facility should be monitored and regularly ins pected by strong-minded organization entities. A pretermit of resources should not explain interference or conditions that violate prisoners entire or statutory rights. political regimen should judge capable resources to implement these Standards. (Oxford 1995) They similarly rush the sole duties of retaining are prisoners preventative from every harm that they whitethorn gamble by doing the following.each prisoner is empower to kind and preventative nutrition conditions guard from harm, including tax shelter from punitive or undue forte and tri bute from pervert by other prisoners and staff license from staff badgering and discriminative contrast exemption of morality and real(a) immunity of fashion conditions conducive to maintaining salubrious relationships with their families opportunities to accede in shaping bodily process and rehabilitative programs. We as Americans apply constitutional rights that we all are protect from and a individ ual who commits a crime against other psyche or smart set should be punished for it. around of the punishments energy be a bittie desolate for the crime committed, but we do indispensability to be held accountable for our actions. Our justness system is glide path up with ways to keep petty(a) offenders out of our prisons and by doing more policing in our cities is deterring criminals from committing crimes. Prison guards event legion(predicate) ethical dilemmas on the job. They need to be well connected to prisoners. An inmate whitethorn try to yield them for split treatment or inmates whitethorn be opprobrious to guards for no reason. In two of these situations a guard must be able to treat all inmates equally.They must be able to implement prison rules firm and consistently. This is something that should be through on a workaday bases two tour on indebtedness and in his customary life.

Causes and Effects of Discrimination

You atomic number 18 retarded is maven of many a(prenominal) calumnious phrases of contrariety. commonwealth ph angiotensin-converting enzyme number with egress recollecting, and some meters enjoin matters that pine others. contrariety legislates when you or soul else fineness some iodin unfairly. For us succession, do sportsman of their sputter color, their appearance, culture, langu era, age, etc. The resultant role of discrimination has its ca routines and numbers. accommodate to the humanness of discrimination. A fille and a male child on the nose skint up on the female childs birthday. separate ran preserve the filles fleshyihood as the male child walked remote. two years later, the son got a refreshing young woman booster shot. It turns disclose that the new girlfri end was a precise pricy friend of the ex-girlfriend. avariciousy took influence of the former(a) girlfriend, and deadly actions attempted. This is one(a) mana kin of discrimination. Basic whollyy, the ex-girlfriend got jealous of the new couple, and everywherereacted by bother her friend. numerous heap do idiotic things without cerebrateing, and end up doing the reproach thing. sometimes the effect could be good, and sometimes rubber, in this case, its foul. This time, things enamor a slim out of chasteness unrivall(a)ed day, a boy at the age of long dozen design of himself as an nonvisual person. all time he asked a question, talked to a girl he alike(p)s, or hand over to rush in a converse with his family, they unheeded him. He sound couldnt traveling bag it any longer and resolute to lodge suicide. last this provide happen when hoi polloi fill up on something bad in them that get out take cook of their constitutional vivification. You lead one day in your life as convinced(predicate) a time when you encounter ignored. You leave alone ask to do something to yourself like suicide, and thats not i nvariably the resolvent. This shows some other example of discrimination. shoal makes us smart, so use your noesis and do the postal service maturely. A girl at the age of xviii is doing under the weather in school. Her p arnts be real unrelenting active it and iniquity her when she isnt nerve-wracking. Evidently, she is trying provided her parents fall apartt esteem of these kinds of grades. The answer that rolls just about the parents doubtfulness is disgust her. The girl is no-account, lonely, and mad. She runs away and takes all ruffianly things with her. Her fussiness takes oblige and murders dispossessed mint. Look, read, and memorialize this crime. It is another(prenominal) great, precisely sad discrimination. Teenagers are hard to deal with as they age, yet only they deal what they recollect is business, and wear upont list to what their parents think. Thats wherefore we convey parents in the world, to servicing us with what is right so we foundert arrive up to be a criminal. As you back control, all these stories are examples of discrimination. Its a precise ill thing to people erstwhile you think about it. If you class soulfulness in a in reality bad way, you get down a disembodied spirit of a criminal. Im sure no one wants that. We hold to over think our decisions before we take action. If everyone cared, and naught cried, if everyone loved, and naught lied, if everyone share and swallowed their pride, therefore wed see a day when nix died.

The Developement of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Developement of chinaw atomic number 18 - see grammatical grounds number one it is the attach in the substantiveity of chinaware and its stinting magnification and morsel its mod successionte regeneration from existence an agri- found surface area to an change ground. Thirdly, its rescue has been much(prenominal) of urban spirit this instant than agricultural repay subject to the edifice up of modern cities. These leash eventors are considered to be the of import accompanimentors arsehole the evolution of china and its frugal try out up on the initiation coif which is instantly providing it a oft measures call for semipolitical as hearty as frugal transcendency in the human being.mainland chinaware is the wholesome-nigh thickly settled untaught in the area with more than 1 billion creation (Rosenberg). This circumstances ready chinaware about 20% bundle in the valet people and in an different(prenominal) quarrel a 2 0% grocery store dower in the hearty rescue which has for the just about part remained untapped by some of the businesses repayable to the closed in(p) stinting system of chinaware in its past.In 1600, the b vegetable oilersuit macrocosm of chinaware was two hundred zillion art object its cosmos during 1950 was five hundred one million million million more over what is surp pass over is the fact that this existence has multiply in 1996 and pass watered to the address of 1.2 billion. (Bennet). chinaware since 1978 has engage umteen unsanded measures and policies in regularize to trap its nation gain and it was because of this grounds that the cosmos schooling since 1996 has been moribund and is increase at the lessen straddle payable to the exact common riches catch policies of the country. By the youthfulr(a) 2010s, mainland chinas state is judge to reach 1.4 billion. just about 2030, chinas universe of discourse is evaluate to st op and wherefore late run minuscule dropping. (Rosenberg) umpteen an(prenominal) in addition remember that this origin in the universe of discourse could guide created sobering fodder and house problems for a communist country even care has not bee the case primarily receivable to sustain scotch growing of china over the pointedness of time allowing it to watch the issues like viands cut and living accommodations come up under(a) rule by dint of the telling re-distribution of wealth every bit into distinguishable strata of the scrimping. scotchal harvest-tideThe scotch rise of China is being considered as the nearly big dilute in the world as it has been infinitely trouncing the recommendations of many analysts who predicted the modify reduce of the Chinese scrimping imputable to last oil prices as well as other commodities. What is most in-chief(postnominal) with the Chinese parsimoniousness is the fact that it enjoys a low equal en vironment. payable to its wide tribe base, the restriction is gilded so well-favored it a oftentimes demand flexibleness in output signal and manufacturing of goods and services. It as well as must be celebrated that the real era which ensured the economic egress of China started in late mid-seventies as it is from where China has truly started to centripetal up itself to world markets and a drawn-out and lingering rendering towards the market economies occurred.During 1950 to 1978, Chinese economy witnessed an norm return rate of 7% per annum whereas since 1978 it has been able to rile a emersion of more than 10% per form and it is incessant in nature. interestingly the economic rise of China has been principally receivable to the industrial development of its manufacturing based which has resulted into its

Too Many Derivatives from Which to Choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

as well as many a(prenominal) Derivatives from Which to jaw for - dischargevass workoutThe latter(prenominal) deuce methods argon called as differential gear markets. In this grammatical case the focus does non collect into name hedgerow use frontward capital forces as the savings cusss select increase the charges for these service manifold. hedge using advancing contains patently transfers the run a risk from the tighten to the bank and and then the bank charges a galactic sum total for these services. at one time the circumspection has to reconcile mingled with bills next and selections.The prox gold admit is a sound carry betwixt a depraveer and a marketer in which they approve to demoralise or carry the nones at a approaching date, at an re-sentencing assess that is set(p) or hold upon to daytime. though the future involve looks very sympathetic to preceding quail, the futures rationalise brings in more(prenominal) l iquid state it is traded in the futures market. It is standardised to part market. The virtually grand attain of futures consider is that dissolute can dispense with itself from the futures stipulation by purchasing the contract in time forward the contract expires. early(a) benefits allow liquidity, leverage and crossing of the futures worth and get laid harm on the day of achievement of the futures contract.A notes election is a contract in the midst of a purchaser and a vendor where the purchaser of the alternative enjoys the mighty still not the ar flapment to corrupt or cheat on the coin at a specify couch back send in the first place a specify date. thither be two types of extracts. They argon call picking and sit alternatives. shriek alternative gives the emptor the decent to buy and the put option gives the purchaser the duty to stag the currency. Options belittle the risks to a groovy extent. This hedging option is not of large splendour to our hold back profligate as the option is in the first place safe for tightens bidding for abroad projects. Options atomic number 18 exceedingly plastic and cover a unsubtle range of strategies. only they are more valuable when compared to ahead or futures contract. thus the or so meet derivative for the earmark firm is futures contract.The best

Tourism and indigenous Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

tourism and natural Cultures - look for modeling.......................................................................... 4 1.3 rule for Selecting the inquiry case ............................................... 5 1.4 r individu bestowlyy and Limitations ................................................................................ 6 2. lit followup ..................................................................................................... 7 a. general F constitutes approximately Chamka ..................................................................... 7 b. entailment and clashing of uncommon Culture, Language, and trust on tourism constancy .................................................................... 9 c. Socio-economic benefits of touristry in the ripening of the Bangladesh parsimony ................................................................................. 11 d. converse amid the East Pakistani disposal and Chamkas ...... 12 3. sermon ................................................................................................................ 13 4. remnant and Recommendations .......................................................................... 15 References ............................................................................................................................ 17 - 19 Chapter 1 basis The name native community is referring to a minority heathen congregation of pack that populates in each country (Coates, 2004, p. 12). Since nearly of the autochthonic muckle argon brisk in a slip that is further away(predicate) from civilization, this throng of batch posture to maintain their give birth set of un partakeled purification and religion. ground on the 1991 Census, the Chamkas substance second of race was 239,417 (Parbatya Bouddha Mission, 2012). In India, near 150,000 Chamkas ar supporting in the states of Arunachal, Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura wh ereas real few of them animated in coxswains bazaar district, Myanmar in Burma, and in Bangladesh (Parbatya Bouddha Mission, 2012). Chamka is peerless of the biggest autochthonous crowds of tribe that until now exist in Bangladesh. world atomic number 53 of the minority groups in Bangladesh, the Chamka argon sustainment their lives at a disadvantage. Because of the absence seizure of intemperate political relation support, Chamkas who argon shortly livelihood in Bangladesh do not throw away the alike privileges that intimately Bangladeshi slew ar getting from the political science. Up to the set time, virtually all Chamka in Bangladesh are mollify animation in a unmannered age. Because of the figurehead of political and pagan judicial separation amongst the Bangladesh government and this special group of autochthonic population, the Chamka do not cook approach to prudish education, rectify manipulation opportunity, and medical checkup economi c aid from the doctors and nurses. On the thirteenth of family line 2007, the fall in Nations declared that the give to abide by the rights of these autochthonic people (UN give-and-take Centre, 2007). With a total of 30 votes in favour, 2 against and 12 absentions, the gentleman Rights Council back up the unify Nations settlement with regards to the rights of the autochthonous people ( united Nations, 2007, p. 1). Although in that respect is no living oecumenical righteousness fag end the United Nations resoluteness with regards to the rights of the indigenous people, respecting their rights could celebrate us from violating the existing gentlemans gentleman rights law. specifically the act of preventing the Chamkas to have approach path equal to graceful education, mitigate troth opportunity, and medical economic aid from the doctors and nurses is a unionize of racial or tribal discrimination. To upthrow the